On November 4, Yessenov University hosted an international scientific round table entitled “The Caspian Sea and International Relations of the Golden Horde.”
Discussions focused on the strategic role of Mangystau and Ustyurt along land and maritime trade routes, historical continuity with Turkic Khaganates, literary heritage, Caspian diplomacy, and historical foundations of modern regional cooperation.
The academic platform brought together researchers from Kazakhstan, Türkiye, and Azerbaijan. Key presentations were delivered by Mendigul Nogaybayeva, Ahmet Taşağıl, Torali Kydyr, Salim Kitigulov, Svetlana Edilkhanova, Zhansaule Zharmakhanova, and Ilkin Orujov.
Participants exchanged scientific perspectives regarding the historical role of the Golden Horde across Eurasia, the importance of the Caspian Sea in connecting civilizations, and the region’s position in global diplomatic history.
